Hybrid costs avoided

An Examination of Avoided Costs in Utah

Avoided Costs from Substance Abuse Treatment in Kentucky 45 Section Six Avoided Costs from Substance Abuse Treatment in Kentucky Avoided Costs from Substance Abuse Treatment in Kentucky

Must-Take Cards: Merchant Discounts and Avoided Costs∗

Antitrust authorities often argue that merchants cannot reasonably turn down payment cards and therefore must accept excessively high merchant discounts. The paper attempts to shed light on this “must-take cards” view from two angles. First, the paper gives some operational content to the notion of “must-take card” through the “avoided-cost test” or “tourist test”: would the merchant want to re...

Hybrid Buses Costs and Benefits

• Diesel exhaust contains ozone precursors, benzene, arsenic, dioxins, formaldehyde and other toxic substances and is a significant contributor to airborne concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM). Significant health impacts including lung damage and premature death are associated with exposure to fine particulate matter. It can also aggravate conditions such as asthma and bronchitis. Die...

Avoided Crossings in Driven Systems

We characterize the avoided crossings in a two-parameter, time-periodic system which has been the basis for a wide variety of experiments. By studying these avoided crossings in the near-integrable regime, we are able to determine scaling laws for the dependence of their characteristic features on the non-integrability parameter. As an application of these results, the influence of avoided cros...